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We constructed the magnetic field-temperature phase diagrams of new quasi-two-dimensional isosceles triangular lattice antiferromagnets (TLAF) Ca 3 MNb 2 O 9 (M=Co, Ni) from dc and ac magnetic susceptibilities, specific heat, dielectric constant, and electric polarization measurements on single crystalline samples. Ca 3 CoNb 2 O 9 with effective spin-1/2 Co 2+ ions undergoes a two-step antiferromagnetic phase transition at T N1 = 1.3 K and T N2 = 1.5 K and enters a stripe ordered state at zero magnetic field. With increasing field, successive magnetic phase transitions, reminiscent of the up-up-down ( uud ) and the oblique phases, are observed. The dielectric constant of Ca 3 CoNb 2 O 9 shows anomalies related to the magnetic phase transitions, but clear evidence of ferroelectricity is absent. Meanwhile, Ca 3 NiNb 2 O 9 with spin-1 Ni 2+ ions also shows a two-step antiferromagnetic transition at T N1 = 3.8 K and T N2 = 4.2 K at zero field. For Ca 3 NiNb 2 O 9 , the electric polarization in the magnetic ordered phases was clearly observed from the pyroelectric current measurements, which indicates its coexistence of magnetic ordering and ferroelectricity. 

Abstract With the motivation to study how non-magnetic ion site disorder affects the quantum magnetism of Ba 3 CoSb 2 O 9 , a spin-1/2 equilateral triangular lattice antiferromagnet, we performed DC and AC susceptibility, specific heat, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystalline samples of Ba 2.87 Sr 0.13 CoSb 2 O 9 with Sr doping on non-magnetic Ba 2+ ion sites. The results show that Ba 2.87 Sr 0.13 CoSb 2 O 9 exhibits (i) a two-step magnetic transition at 2.7 K and 3.3 K, respectively; (ii) a possible canted 120 degree spin structure at zero field with reduced ordered moment as 1.24 μ B /Co; (iii) a series of spin state transitions for both H ∥ ab -plane and H ∥ c -axis. For H ∥ ab -plane, the magnetization plateau feature related to the up–up–down phase is significantly suppressed; (iv) an inelastic neutron scattering spectrum with only one gapped mode at zero field, which splits to one gapless and one gapped mode at 9 T. All these features are distinctly different from those observed for the parent compound Ba 3 CoSb 2 O 9 , which demonstrates that the non-magnetic ion site disorder (the Sr doping) plays a complex role on the magnetic properties beyond the conventionally expected randomization of the exchange interactions. We propose the additional effects including the enhancement of quantum spin fluctuations and introduction of a possible spatial anisotropy through the local structural distortions. 

Abstract A recent focus of quantum spin liquid (QSL) studies is how disorder/randomness in a QSL candidate affects its true magnetic ground state. The ultimate question is whether the QSL survives disorder or the disorder leads to a “spin-liquid-like” state, such as the proposed random-singlet (RS) state. Since disorder is a standard feature of most QSL candidates, this question represents a major challenge for QSL candidates. YbMgGaO 4 , a triangular lattice antiferromagnet with effective spin-1/2 Yb 3+ ions, is an ideal system to address this question, since it shows no long-range magnetic ordering with Mg/Ga site disorder. Despite the intensive study, it remains unresolved as to whether YbMgGaO 4 is a QSL or in the RS state. Here, through ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity and magnetic torque measurements, plus specific heat and DC magnetization data, we observed a residual κ 0 / T term and series of quantum spin state transitions in the zero temperature limit for YbMgGaO 4 . These observations strongly suggest that a QSL state with itinerant excitations and quantum spin fluctuations survives disorder in YbMgGaO 4 .